The Greene Farm Archaeology Project's research focuses on documenting and interpreting five centuries of cultural and natural landscape transformations on one of the few remaining Providence Plantations. Since 2004, the project's five seasons of archaeological surveys and excavations have unearthed important information about the Greene Farm landscape's deep and long-term history. The project has also uncovered unique archaeological insights into the Greene and Brown families' everyday lives and into the technologies, sociopolitical climate, and global exchange networks of colonial and early Republic America.

To date an archaeological crew composed of students from Brown University, the University of Massachusetts-Boston, the University of Rhode Island, and several other universities have conducted intensive landscape surveys across one-fifth of the property, and excavations of an 18th-century kitchen outbuilding associated with the Brown family (2004-05), an ironworking area associated with the Greene family during the 18th century (2005-06), and the Old House area, a cluster of very early colonial structures and a midden, which are associated with the first generations of the Greene family (also the first European settlers) in Warwick (2006-present). The Old House (ca. mid-1650s-1711) is the focus of ongoing excavations and interdisciplinary research; its relatively undisturbed and rich archaeological record is a significant contribution to our understandings of the complexities of colonial life in the 17th century.